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The protection of groundwater environment is a critical foundation for the sustainable utilization of regional water resources. To address the issues of groundwater quality characteristics and human health risks in industrial and agricultural area of Guanzhong plain, this study systematically collected 38 groundwater samples and comprehensively applied mathematical statistics, Piper trilinear diagram, ion ratio analysis, and entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) methods to analyze hydrochemical characteristics and assess health risks. The results indicate that: ① The concentration order of cations is Na+＞Mg2+＞Ca2+＞K+, while the concentration order of anions is HCO3−＞SO42−＞Cl−＞NO3−, with the main hydrochemical types being Na-Cl-SO4 and Na-Ca-HCO3; ② The hydrochemical evolution is dominated by dolomite dissolution and cation exchange, and the distribution of NO3− concentrations is closely related to industrial activities; ③ EWQI evaluation shows that 92.1% of the samples are suitable for drinking, with poor-quality water mainly concentrated in the industrial agglomeration area in the central-southern part of the region; ④ Human health risk assessment of F− and NO3− indicates that the non-carcinogenic health risks for different populations follow the order: children＞adult females＞adult males. It is recommended to reduce health risks through targeted measures such as optimizing industrial layout and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. The research results provide a scientific basis for groundwater pollution prevention and sustainable management in the Loess Tableland region.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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