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Crystal-rich fluid inclusions serve as a crucial carrier in the evolution of pegmatitic melts-fluids, providing the most direct evidence for unraveling the origin, migration, phase transitions, and associated element enrichment mechanisms of pegmatitic fluids. The Jing'erquan rare metal deposit is a typical granite-pegmatite type lithium-beryllium deposit in the East Tianshan, western Central Asian Orogenic Belt. However, the source and evolutionary characteristics of its ore-forming fluids remain unclear. This study conducted detailed petrographic observations, along with laser Raman spectroscopy, microthermometry, gas chromatography, and ion chromatography analyses on fluid inclusions from pegmatites in this deposit. The results indicate that the fluid inclusions at Jing'erquan are diverse in type. They are generally characterized by moderate-low temperatures (mainly ranging from 240 ℃ to 380 ℃) and salinities (predominantly between 1.0 wt% NaCleqv and 5.5 wt% NaCleqv), as well as low densities (0.5～0.9 g/cm3). The fluid is rich in CO2, H2O, and N2, with minor amounts of C2H2 and CH4, and is relatively enriched in F−, Cl−, and alkali metal cations. This study proposes that the ore-forming fluids for the Jing'erquan Li-Be deposit were primarily magmatic in origin, resulting from the high fractional crystallization of granitic magma in a relatively closed environment. Two distinct pegmatite veins, dominated by spodumene and beryl, respectively, were formed during different stages of granitic magma differentiation. During the mineralization process, the fluid properties transitioned from moderate-low temperature-low salinity-low density to low temperature-moderate-low salinity-low density. The primary reason for this shift is that CO2 gradually reached saturation and separated from the ore-forming fluid, as the temperature, pressure, and solubility of CO2 and NaCl-H2O decreased. In this process, CO2 acted as an important carrier, facilitating the transportation and enrichment of lithium. Furthermore, the relative enrichment of F−, Cl−, and alkali metal cations played a significant role. Specifically, F− was conducive to the formation of complexes or compounds with rare metal cations such as Li+ and Be2+, aiding their migration and subsequent precipitation and enrichment to form ore.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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