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Genesis and Cu-Ni Mineralization Potential of the Xishenba Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusion in the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block
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Mingju FANG1, Jun DUAN1, *, Gang XU1, Jia SUN2, Ning WANG3, Jiantao WU1, Yingying LU1, Tianhe JIA1
Northwestern Geology | 2026, 59(3) : 209 - 227
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Northwestern Geology | 2026, 59(3): 209-227
Genesis and Cu-Ni Mineralization Potential of the Xishenba Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusion in the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block
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Mingju FANG1, Jun DUAN1, *, Gang XU1, Jia SUN2, Ning WANG3, Jiantao WU1, Yingying LU1, Tianhe JIA1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • 2Tianjin North China Geological Exploration Bureau, Tianjin 300171, China
  • 3Shaanxi Mineral Resources and Geological Survey, Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi, China
Published: 2026-06-20 doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025165
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Xishenba mafic-ultramafic intrusion is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton. It is a newly discovered magmatic Cu-Ni mineralized intrusion in Hannan, Shaanxi Province, with significant mineralization potential. The intrusion consists of lherzolite, olivine lherzolite, and gabbro. The ore bodies are predominantly hosted within the lherzolite unit, with sulfides mainly comprising pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite. Zircon U-Pb concordant age of the Xishenba intrusion is （854±3）Ma, indicating that it was formed in the middle Neoproterozoic. Geochemically, gabbro exhibit right-inclined REE patterns characterized by light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment and heavy rare earth element (HREE) depletion. In contrast, olivine lherzolite and lherzolite display relatively flat REE patterns with slight LREE enrichment. All samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, K) and depleted in high field strength elements (Nb-Ta, Zr-Hf).These geochemical characteristics are similar to those of other Neoproterozoic mafic–ultramafic intrusions along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block and global island arc basalts, suggesting a plate convergence setting. Olivine crystals from the ore-bearing lherzolite have Fo value of 76.0～80.9 mol%, Ni content of <200×10−6 to 1445×10−6. The correlation between these parameters suggests that sulfide segregation occurred in the parental magma of the Xishenba intrusion. Zircon from the lherzolite yield εHf(t) value of −6.82～4.84, indicative of a depleted mantle source. Modeling based on Hf isotopes and Th/Yb–Nb/Yb systematics suggests that the magma experienced 10%~30% crustal contamination during ascent, which was likely the key factor triggering sulfide segregation. Comparative analysis with magmatic deposits formed in convergent settings, such as those at Xiarihamu, Kalatongke, and Sibao, reveals that the Xishenba Cu–Ni deposit possesses significant mineralization potential. Consequently, similar types of mafic-ultramafic intrusions along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block should be prioritized as targets for future Cu–Ni exploration.

Cu-Ni mineralization potential  /  high degree of crustal contamination  /  sulfide melting  /  zircon geochronology and Hf isotopes  /  Hannan complex
房明举, 段俊, 徐刚, 孙佳, 王宁, 吴建涛, 陆盈颖, 贾天河. 扬子北缘喜神坝镁铁–超镁铁岩体成因与铜镍成矿潜力研究. 西北地质, 2026 , 59 (3) : 209 -227 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025165
Mingju FANG, Jun DUAN, Gang XU, Jia SUN, Ning WANG, Jiantao WU, Yingying LU, Tianhe JIA. Genesis and Cu-Ni Mineralization Potential of the Xishenba Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusion in the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2026 , 59 (3) : 209 -227 . DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025165
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Year 2026 volume 59 Issue 3
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Article Info
doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2025165
  • Receive Date：2025-04-12
  • Online Date：2026-09-16
  • Published：2026-06-20
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  • Received：2025-04-12
  • Revised：2025-10-17
  • Accepted：2025-10-20
Affiliations
    1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
    2Tianjin North China Geological Exploration Bureau, Tianjin 300171, China
    3Shaanxi Mineral Resources and Geological Survey, Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi’an 710068, Shaanxi, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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