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To diversify the cultivation of Morchella and improve land-use efficiency, this study focused on the soils collected during the primordium formation phase (Pp) and fruiting body formation development phase (Fp) of Morchella development. The physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial biomass carbon, and other indices of the soil surrounding the roots of Morchella were determined using national standard methods. One-way ANOVA was performed with SPSS, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate relationships between soil indices at the two stages. Results showed that:During the Pp phase, the mixed sowing of Festuca sinensis with Morchella (F) significantly elevated soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN) and the activity of glycoside-hydrolases; the mixed sowing of Vicia sativa with Morchella (V) significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and β-1, 4-glucosidase (βG) activity; the mixed sowing of Poa pratensis with Morchella (P) significantly raised β-1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity; all herb-Morchella mixed sowing treatments significantly reduced soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). During the Fp phase, the F group significantly increased MBC content, while the mixed sowing of Medicago sativa with Morchella (M), as well as the F and V groups, significantly decreased microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) content. Compared with the Pp phase, soil available manganese (AMn), available copper (ACu), available zinc (AZn), and the activities of catalase (CAT), protease (PA), and glycoside-hydrolases all declined markedly in the Fp phase, with most indices falling to less than 50% of their initial levels. Soil alkaline phosphatase (AKP), urease (UR) and pH were negatively correlated with all other indices, whereas remaining soil enzymes showed positive correlations. Microbial biomass elements (MBC, MBN and MBP) were positively correlated with available trace elements (AMn, ACu and AZn). In addition, Morchella yield was positively correlated with soil organic matter (SOM), AN, AZn and UR, but negatively correlated with DOC, ACu, pH and CAT. PCA dimensionality reduction revealed that, during the Pp phase, all mixed sowing treatments elevated soil nutrients (SN) and soil enzyme (SE) activities while suppressing soil microorganisms (SM). In contrast, during the Fp phase, these mixed sowing accelerated the decline of SN. Moreover, SN, SM and SE were significantly positively inter-correlated. The mixed sowing of Morchella with plants is becoming increasingly popular; this study provides a reference for further research on mixed sowing of Morchella and herbaceous species.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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