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Aquatic fungi play an essential role in maintaining the biogeochemical cycles and functional stability of lake ecosystems. To elucidate the seasonal dynamics of aquatic fungal communities in alpine lakes and the environmental factors shaping them, water samples from the littoral zone of Nam Co Lake in August 2020 (summer), May 2021 (spring), and October 2021 (autumn) were collected and the communities were analyzed by using ITS1 amplicon sequencing. A total of 5 793 OTUs (17 phyla, 869 genera) were detected in spring, 7 227 OTUs (18 phyla, 892 genera) in summer, and 1 558 OTUs (10 phyla, 188 genera) in autumn, indicating pronounced seasonal variations in community diversity and dominant taxa. Ascomycota dominated in spring and summer (78.10% and 78.79%), whereas Chytridiomycota (37.17%) became dominant in autumn. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that water temperature (R2=0.376, P=0.001), pH (R2=0.147, P=0.038), and total nitrogen (R2=0.263, P=0.019) were the primary environmental factors shaping community structure, whereas α-diversity was significantly correlated with total phosphorus and total nitrogen (P<0.05). The neutral community model suggested that stochastic processes dominated in spring (R2=77.4%, Nm=11, 736) but weakened in summer and autumn (R2=14.7% and 8%, respectively), with a relatively low overall goodness of fit (R2=19.1%). Checkerboard score analysis (SES>2) further demonstrated that deterministic processes exerted a predominant influence on community assembly. Overall, aquatic fungal communities in the littoral zone of Nam Co Lake exhibited pronounced seasonal dynamics. Their structure and diversity were primarily driven by environmental factors and jointly regulated by deterministic and stochastic processes, with environmental filtering playing a dominant role in community assembly. These findings offer new insights into the seasonal variations, environmental regulation, and assembly mechanisms of aquatic fungal communities in alpine lakes, thereby advancing our understanding of microbial community formation and ecosystem function in high-altitude aquatic environments.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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