Full
Outline
Maize, an important food crop in China, directly affects national food security. In recent years, due to climate change and shifts in farming practices, maize stalk rot has become a major threat to maize production in China. [Objective] To screen and identify biocontrol bacterial strains against maize stalk rot, determine their optimal fermentation process, and develop effective bacterial agents, thereby providing theoretical support and a material basis for constructing a novel green prevention and control technology system. [Methods] Antagonistic bacterial strains against Fusarium graminearum were screened through a combination of dilution coating and plate confrontation methods. Candidate strains were identified through molecular biological techniques combined with physiological and biochemical characterization. Fermentation conditions were optimized via single-factor experiments, and seed coating agents were developed with the selected biocontrol bacteria. Indoor pot experiments and outdoor field plot trials were carried out for the biocontrol bacteria to systematically evaluate their maize growth-promoting effects and control efficacy against maize stalk rot. [Results] Two biocontrol strains, HS104 and HS107, with inhibition rates of approximately 70.00% against F. graminearum, were successfully screened out and identified as Bacillus velezensis. Both strains exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against major maize pathogens, including F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, and Bipolaris maydis, with inhibition rates of around 60.00%. After optimization of fermentation conditions, indoor pot experiments showed that HS104 and HS107 not only significantly promoted maize growth but also achieved the control efficacy of 75.00% and 71.00% against maize stalk rot, respectively. The seed coating agents developed with the selected biocontrol bacteria performed well in field trials, significantly promoting maize growth and achieving the control efficacy of 63.93% and 77.33% against maize stalk rot, respectively. Moreover, they increased the yield of susceptible plants by 8.20% and 9.20%, respectively, compared with the control. [Conclusion] Strains HS104 and HS107 possess multiple excellent traits, including broad-spectrum antifungal activity, strong plant growth-promoting effects, and high disease control efficacy, demonstrating broad application prospects in the biocontrol of maize stalk rot and the enhancement of crop yields.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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