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[Objective] To investigate the species composition, dominant taxa, and diversity characteristics of bacterial communities within Spodoptera frugiperda at different developmental stages, thereby providing a scientific basis for further exploring key microorganisms associated with S. frugiperda and developing green control technologies based on symbiotic bacteria. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V1-V9 regions of bacteria from S. frugiperda at different developmental stages was performed using the PacBio sequencing platform. The structure and diversity of bacterial communities across these stages were systematically analyzed. [Results] Bacterial communities within S. frugiperda at different developmental stages were annotated at multiple taxonomic levels, resulting in 35 phyla, 72 classes, 189 orders, 322 families, 678 genera, and 1 074 species. At the phylum level, Pseudomonadota and Bacillota were consistently dominant across all developmental stages. At the genus level, Enterococcus was the dominant genus in the 2nd to 6th instar larvae. During the pupal stage, Providencia became the dominant genus, with a relative abundance of 78.13%. Additionally, Serratia was the dominant genus in female adults, accounting for 71.00% relative abundance, whereas Enterobacter was the dominant genus in male adults, with a relative abundance of 39.18%. Diversity analysis revealed that the egg stage exhibited the highest Shannon diversity index and Chao1 richness index among all developmental stages, whereas the pupal stage displayed the lowest levels of both bacterial diversity and species richness. Functional prediction indicated that the abundance of functional categories in bacterial communities was generally consistent across different developmental stages, with metabolic pathways showing the highest abundance. [Conclusion] The composition and diversity of bacterial communities in S. frugiperda exhibited developmental stage specificity, with the highest bacterial diversity and richness observed in the egg stage and the lowest in the pupal stage. Dominant taxa varied dynamically across developmental stages. At the genus level, Enterococcus, Providencia, Serratia, and Enterobacter were the dominant taxa and may serve as key targets for green control strategies. This study clarifies the species composition and community differences of bacteria in S. frugiperda across developmental stages, providing fundamental data for further investigating the mechanisms underlying host-symbiont interactions and developing green control technologies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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