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[Objective] To investigate the effects of partially substituting chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer on the structure and function of soil microbial communities in wheat fields, thus providing a theoretical basis and technical support for fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement in wheat production. [Methods] This study compared three treatments—conventional chemical fertilizer (CF), partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (OF), and partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer (BOF)—with respect to soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and function, community assembly mechanisms at the wheat jointing stage, and plant growth traits at the harvest stage. [Results] Compared with CF, BOF increased the biomass by 33.33% (P<0.05). Compared with CF, BOF increased soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, sucrase activity, and urease activity by 29.82%, 35.13%, 5.32%, 14.93%, and 36.18%, respectively. Compared with OF, BOF showed the corresponding increases of 3.29%, 133.73%, 47.21%, 19.58%, and 14.78%, respectively. The soil quality index ranked as BOF>OF>CF. Microbial community analysis showed that BOF significantly increased the abundance of beneficial taxa such as RB41, Massilia, Mortierella, and Cystofilobasidium, while reducing the abundance of potentially pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium and Aspergillus and enhancing the complexity and connectivity of the molecular ecological network. Functional prediction indicated that compared with CF, OF and BOF increased potential carbon metabolic functions such as aerobic chemoheterotrophy and aromatic compound degradation. In addition, BOF enhanced the potential function of ureolysis while suppressing the potential function of nitrate reduction. [Conclusion] By comparing the comprehensive effects of different fertilization combinations, we found that BOF significantly improves soil nutrient status and enzyme activities at the wheat jointing stage and optimizes the microbial community structure and ecological network, thereby providing favorable soil fertility conditions for plant growth. This study lays a theoretical foundation for optimizing fertilization structure and reducing chemical fertilizer use while improving efficiency.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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