The skin microbiota refers to a complex ecosystem composed of diverse microorganisms that colonize the skin, which contributes to the maintenance of skin health through interactions with the host. Studies have demonstrated that an imbalanced skin microecology can cause various skin health problems through multiple pathways, such as the induction of DNA damage in skin cells and the promotion of pro-inflammatory factor secretion. In recent years, numerous studies have confirmed that probiotics play a significant role in improving skin health, with mechanisms including antioxidation, immunomodulation, and enhancement of skin barrier function. This review comprehensively summarized the composition of the skin microecology, its role in maintaining normal skin functions, and the research progress on the pathological mechanisms of skin problems induced by microecological imbalance. Based on this, this review systematically summarized the mechanisms and research progress of microecological therapy, particularly probiotics, in improving various skin health problems, especially skin cancer, skin inflammation and photoaging, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of the mechanisms and application of probiotics in improving skin health.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |