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Research progress in anti-bacterial infection nano-delivery systems and their effects on the immune system
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Xiaojin LIU1, Yongqi TIAN1, Cong JIN1, Rui ZHU1, 2, Xiaojuan YOU1, 2, *, Yongwei LI1, 2, *
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(10) : 4694 - 4707
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(10): 4694-4707
• Review •
Research progress in anti-bacterial infection nano-delivery systems and their effects on the immune system
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Xiaojin LIU1, Yongqi TIAN1, Cong JIN1, Rui ZHU1, 2, Xiaojuan YOU1, 2, *, Yongwei LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Henan Province of Resistant Pathogen Infections Prevention and Therapy by Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Bacterial Drug Resistance Monitoring, Inspection Center of Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
Published: 2026-10-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260174
Outline
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Driven by the continuous pressure of antibiotic selection, bacteria continue to evolve through multidrug resistance mechanisms, resulting in the increasing ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotic treatment and posing a severe challenge of no drug availability in clinical practice. Nano-delivery systems breathe new life into antimicrobial therapy with their designable physicochemical properties and versatile integration characteristics. Nano-delivery systems are not limited to simple drug carriers, but can be developed into a multi-functional intelligent platform integrating precise delivery, microenvironment perception, and immune reprogramming through precision design. This review systematically expounds the construction strategy of antimicrobial nano-delivery systems, sorts out the development context from drug carrier, synergistic vector, intelligent response vector to intelligent biomimetic vector. Furthermore, this review discusses the targeted design and antimicrobial component loading strategy in detail, including conventional antibiotic synergy and new antimicrobial co-delivery. The core thesis of this paper is that the application of nano-delivery systems in specific infection scenarios (e.g., intracellular bacterial infection and biofilm-associated infection) has gone far beyond simple delivery, and instead actively regulates host immune homeostasis, synergistically enhancing antibacterial effects by regulating innate immunity (e.g., macrophage polarization and neutrophil function) and activating adaptive immunity. Finally, this paper makes an outlook on the challenges and future development directions of this field, emphasizing that through cross-scale design and multi-mechanism synergy, nano-delivery systems are expected to provide a new generation of therapeutic strategies that are efficient, safe, and less likely to induce drug resistance for drug-resistant bacterial infections.

nano-delivery system  /  bacterial drug resistance  /  synergistic antibacterial effect  /  targeted release  /  biofilm infection  /  immunomodulation
刘晓金, 田咏琪, 金聪, 朱芮, 有小娟, 李永伟. 抗细菌感染纳米递送系统及其对免疫系统影响的研究进展. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (10) : 4694 -4707 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260174
Xiaojin LIU, Yongqi TIAN, Cong JIN, Rui ZHU, Xiaojuan YOU, Yongwei LI. Research progress in anti-bacterial infection nano-delivery systems and their effects on the immune system[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (10) : 4694 -4707 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260174
Funding
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  • Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Higher Education Institutions(25A320042)
  • Special Project for Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Henan Province (Jointly Supported by Henan Province Hospital of TCM)(2025LHZX2067)
  • Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(262102310215)
  • WU Jieping Medical Foundation Research Special Fund(320.6750.2024-03-27)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 66 Issue 10
196
86
Cite this Article
BibTeX
Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260174
  • Receive Date：2026-03-04
  • Online Date：2026-10-13
  • Published：2026-10-04
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2026-03-04
  • Accepted：2026-05-11
Funding
Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Higher Education Institutions(25A320042)
Special Project for Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Henan Province (Jointly Supported by Henan Province Hospital of TCM)(2025LHZX2067)
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(262102310215)
WU Jieping Medical Foundation Research Special Fund(320.6750.2024-03-27)
Affiliations
    1.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Henan Province of Resistant Pathogen Infections Prevention and Therapy by Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Bacterial Drug Resistance Monitoring, Inspection Center of Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan, China

Corresponding:

*E-mail: LI Yongwei,
YOU Xiaojuan,
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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