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Acetogenic bacteria and one-carbon gas biotransformation: from fundamental research to applications
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Zihan XU1, Yuzhen LI1, Junzhe ZHANG1, Zhiqiong WEN1, Ziyong LIU1, Xiaoqing MA1, Fuli LI1, 2, *
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(9) : 4362 - 4379
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(9): 4362-4379
Review
Acetogenic bacteria and one-carbon gas biotransformation: from fundamental research to applications
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Zihan XU1, Yuzhen LI1, Junzhe ZHANG1, Zhiqiong WEN1, Ziyong LIU1, Xiaoqing MA1, Fuli LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Shandong C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
  • 2.Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
About Author:

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Published: 2026-09-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260455
Outline
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The valorization of one-carbon (C1) gases such as CO, CO2,and syngas (a mixture with H2) represents a promising route for responding to global climate change and establishing a sustainable circular economy. Acetogens, a group of obligate anaerobic microorganisms capable of efficiently assimilating C1 gases via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP), offer a natural conversion route with high carbon atom economy for biological carbon fixation. This paper provides a systematic review of the latest advancements in C1 gases conversion by acetogens, spanning from fundamental research to industrial applications. We first elucidate the metabolic coupling between acetogens and C1 gases, delving into the biochemical basis for utilizing C1 sources. In terms of fundamental research, we highlight recent breakthroughs in energy conservation mechanisms and metabolic flux regulation. Then, we summarize how the development of advanced genetic manipulation systems, exemplified by CRISPR-Cas tools, has enhanced the titers of natural products such as acetate and ethanol and accelerated the transformation of acetogens into chassis cells for the production of high-value chemicals such as butanol and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Finally, this review analyzes the engineering challenges, including gas-liquid mass transfer limitations and energy supply bottlenecks, associated with the scale-up of gas fermentation while offering a perspective on the broad application prospects of acetogens in achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and advancing next-generation green biomanufacturing.

acetogen  /  Wood-Ljungdahl pathway  /  one-carbon gas  /  genetic modification  /  synthetic biology
Zihan XU, Yuzhen LI, Junzhe ZHANG, Zhiqiong WEN, Ziyong LIU, Xiaoqing MA, Fuli LI. Acetogenic bacteria and one-carbon gas biotransformation: from fundamental research to applications[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (9) : 4362 -4379 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260455
  • the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370039)
Year 2026 volume 66 Issue 9
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260455
  • Receive Date:2026-05-31
  • Online Date:2026-09-09
  • Published:2026-09-04
Article Data
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History
  • Received:2026-05-31
  • Accepted:2026-07-11
Funding
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370039)
Affiliations
    1.State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Shandong C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
    2.Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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