The valorization of one-carbon (C1) gases such as CO, CO2,and syngas (a mixture with H2) represents a promising route for responding to global climate change and establishing a sustainable circular economy. Acetogens, a group of obligate anaerobic microorganisms capable of efficiently assimilating C1 gases via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP), offer a natural conversion route with high carbon atom economy for biological carbon fixation. This paper provides a systematic review of the latest advancements in C1 gases conversion by acetogens, spanning from fundamental research to industrial applications. We first elucidate the metabolic coupling between acetogens and C1 gases, delving into the biochemical basis for utilizing C1 sources. In terms of fundamental research, we highlight recent breakthroughs in energy conservation mechanisms and metabolic flux regulation. Then, we summarize how the development of advanced genetic manipulation systems, exemplified by CRISPR-Cas tools, has enhanced the titers of natural products such as acetate and ethanol and accelerated the transformation of acetogens into chassis cells for the production of high-value chemicals such as butanol and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Finally, this review analyzes the engineering challenges, including gas-liquid mass transfer limitations and energy supply bottlenecks, associated with the scale-up of gas fermentation while offering a perspective on the broad application prospects of acetogens in achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and advancing next-generation green biomanufacturing.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |