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[Objective] To investigate the effects of diets with different concentrate to roughage ratios on the growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and serum metabolites of Yajiang snow cattle. [Methods] Twenty-seven healthy individuals of Yajiang snow cattle with similar body weights were selected and randomized into three groups (n=9). Cattle in the three groups were fed diets with the concentrate to roughage ratios being 40:60 (C40 group), 50:50 (C50 group), and 60:40 (C60 group). The pre-experimental period lasted for 7 days, and the experimental period lasted for 45 days. The growth performance, nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid content and microbiota structure in the rumen fluid, and serum metabolite content of the Yajiang snow cattle were measured. [Results] With the increase in the dietary concentrate to roughage ratio, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of Yajiang snow cattle increased, while the apparent digestibility of crude protein and acid detergent fiber decreased (all P<0.05). As the dietary concentrate to roughage ratio increased, the pH value, acetate content, and acetate/propionate ratio in the rumen fluid decreased, whereas the propionate content increased (all P<0.05). Different concentrate to roughage ratios altered the microbiota structure in the rumen fluid of Yajiang snow cattle (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Specifically, the C60 group had lower relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobia, Ruminococcus, Clostridium, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Bibersteinia but higher relative abundance of Bacillota, Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, and Selenomonas than the C40 group. Furthermore, different concentrate to roughage ratios changed the serum metabolite content of Yajiang snow cattle (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Specifically, the C40 group had significantly higher content of 5,6-dihydrouridine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid but significantly lower content of 6-hydroxy-2-methylindole, N-acetylneuraminic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and taurodeoxycholic acid in the serum than the C50 and C60 groups. [Conclusion] Under the conditions of this experiment, different dietary concentrate to roughage ratios had significant effects on the production performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and serum metabolites of Yajiang snow cattle. Compared with the high roughage diet, the high concentrate diet significantly improved the production performance and promoted the rumen fermentation, while reducing the diversity of the rumen microbiota in Yajiang snow cattle.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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