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Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance gene distribution and pathophysiological pathways of recurrence of bovine mastitis in China
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Yuting ZHANG1, Danrui BU1, 2, Jinglan DOU1, 2, Jiahua HE2, Tingting WAN2, Zhao LIU2, Ziwen CAI1, Fei XU3, Xiaoye LIU1, 2
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(7) : 3121 - 3138
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(7): 3121-3138
• Review •
Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance gene distribution and pathophysiological pathways of recurrence of bovine mastitis in China
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Yuting ZHANG1, Danrui BU1, 2, Jinglan DOU1, 2, Jiahua HE2, Tingting WAN2, Zhao LIU2, Ziwen CAI1, Fei XU3, Xiaoye LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, China
  • 2.College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
  • 3.Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Published: 2026-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250826
Outline
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Bovine mastitis is a key factor restricting the high-quality development of China’s dairy industry, while the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and recurrent infections have become severe challenges for the current prevention and control system. Although long-term antibiotic selection pressure may temporarily alleviate clinical symptoms, it significantly accelerates the evolution and dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, leading to rising treatment failure rates and a transition toward chronic disease. Epidemiological data indicate that the pathogen spectrum of bovine mastitis in China is dominated by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Enterobacteriaceae, with resistance genes propagating across species and regions through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mediated by plasmids, transposons, and integrons. Furthermore, mechanisms such as biofilm formation, efflux pump activation, target modification, and intracellular escape interact with the mammary microenvironment to establish a robust defense barrier against host immune clearance and antimicrobial agents. Incorporating the principles of endogenous inflammation and metabolic dysregulation mediated by the “gut-mammary axis”, this paper systematically reviews the regional prevalence and molecular dissemination mechanisms of resistant pathogens in China. It provides an in-depth analysis of the pathological basis of recurrence and prospectively proposes comprehensive management strategies—ranging from precision diagnosis to alternative therapies—aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for the scientific control of bovine mastitis.

bovine mastitis  /  antimicrobial-resistant bacteria  /  antimicrobial resistance genes  /  horizontal gene transfer  /  biofilm  /  recurrence
Yuting ZHANG, Danrui BU, Jinglan DOU, Jiahua HE, Tingting WAN, Zhao LIU, Ziwen CAI, Fei XU, Xiaoye LIU. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance gene distribution and pathophysiological pathways of recurrence of bovine mastitis in China[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3121 -3138 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250826
Funding
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  • The Beijing Innovation Team of the Modern Industrial Technology System for Poultry(BAIC06-2025)
  • The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572558)
  • The Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6224060)
  • The Beijing University of Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation “Spark Action” Support Program(BUA-HHXD2022007)
  • The Beijing Municipal Education Commission Research Program(KM202310020006)
  • The 2025 Beijing University of Agriculture Education and Teaching Research and Reform Project(BUA025YB01)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 66 Issue 7
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291
142
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250826
  • Receive Date：2025-11-03
  • Online Date：2026-07-06
  • Published：2026-07-04
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-11-03
  • Accepted：2026-02-27
Funding
The Beijing Innovation Team of the Modern Industrial Technology System for Poultry(BAIC06-2025)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572558)
The Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6224060)
The Beijing University of Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation “Spark Action” Support Program(BUA-HHXD2022007)
The Beijing Municipal Education Commission Research Program(KM202310020006)
The 2025 Beijing University of Agriculture Education and Teaching Research and Reform Project(BUA025YB01)
Affiliations
    1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing, China
    2.College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
    3.Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

Corresponding:

E-mail: LIU Xiaoye,
XU Fei,
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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