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Objective Revealing the succession patterns of soil microbial communities and their carbon cycle functions in the 0-20 cm topsoil following the conversion of natural forests to other land use types is critical for elucidating microbial carbon sequestration mechanisms and maintaining soil health. Methods The investigation selected natural forests in the southern Dongting Lake region and their converted plantations, paddy fields, and grasslands as research subjects. Metagenomic techniques were employed to systematically analyze changes in microbial community composition and carbon cycling genes in the 0-20 cm topsoil, as well as to identify key driving factors. Results Conversion of natural forests to plantations, paddy fields, and grasslands reduced soil bacterial diversity by 12%-24%. Fungal diversity in plantations and paddy fields was 65% and 76% lower than that in natural forests, respectively. Conversion of natural forests altered soil bacterial and fungal community composition. Soil available phosphorus content and pH value were identified as primary factors influencing bacterial diversity, whereas fungal diversity and community composition were mainly affected by soil available iron content. Following land use conversion, the relative abundance of carbon fixation genes ACAT/atoB and tktA/tktB decreased by 10%-45%. However, the relative abundance of ACO/acnA, korA/oorA/oforA, and mcmA1 was 25%-32% higher in grassland soil, and that of ppdK and korA/oorA/oforA was 13%-40% higher in paddy soil than in natural forest soil. Compared with natural forests, paddy fields and grasslands showed decreases of 39%-43% in the relative abundance of carbon decomposition genes bglX and amyA, while converted land use types showed increases of 77%-293% in the relative abundance of abfA and nplT. Conclusion Soil pH value and nitrate nitrogen content are identified as key environmental factors regulating the relative abundance of carbon fixation and decomposition genes. Therefore, scientific management of soil acidity or alkalinity and nitrogen levels can be considered as an effective strategy to enhance the carbon sequestration potential of soil microorganisms.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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