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Soil degradation represents a major constraint to sustainable agricultural production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as pivotal rhizosphere symbionts, play a crucial role in promoting host plant growth and remodeling microbial communities. Objective This study elucidated the regulatory impacts of AMF inoculation on tobacco growth, as well as the structure, interaction network, and metabolic functions of the endophytic bacterial community in the roots of tobacco cultivated in barren soil. The aim is to provide theoretical support for leveraging AMF to optimize plant-microbe interactions and enhance crop adaptation to nutrient-poor environments. Methods A pot experiment was conducted in combination with Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The root endophytic bacterial community was systematically investigated via microbial co-occurrence network analysis, functional prediction, and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results AMF inoculation significantly enhanced tobacco growth, increasing the shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant height, and root length by 118.4%, 157.6%, 78.6%, and 73.4%, respectively. Although AMF inoculation significantly reduced the species richness and diversity of the endophytic bacterial community, it markedly reshaped the community composition by enriching specific taxa (e.g., Gammaproteobacteria). This restructuring resulted in a more compact, positive interaction-dominated co-occurrence network, in which ASV149 (belonging to the genus Steroidobacter) was identified as a keystone taxon. Functionally, AMF inoculation significantly upregulated key metabolic pathways, including cell growth and death, xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. SEM further confirmed that bacterial richness and diversity were the major drivers shaping the network structure. Conclusion In barren soil, AMF not only directly promotes tobacco growth but also enhances the stability of the root microecosystem and the tobacco adaptability to barren soil by restructuring the root endophytic bacterial community. From the perspective of the “plant-AMF-endophytic bacteria” tripartite interaction, this study deepens the insight into the intrinsic mechanisms underlying microbial synergism in enhancing plant environmental adaptability.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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