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Objective To investigate the changes in microbial community structure and function in degraded mangrove sediment, and to explore their potential relationships with environmental factors and mangrove degradation. Methods Sedimental samples were collected from degraded mangroves in Guangxi Beihai Coastal National Wetland Park, marked as healthy (ZC), early-stage/deteriorating (BY), and necrotic (SW) groups. The physicochemical factors, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), oils, and various heavy metals, were analyzed using standard methods. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS region was performed. Subsequent analyses, including diversity indices, Venn plot, LEfSe analysis, Zi-Pi analysis, and FAPROTAX/FUNGuild functional prediction, were employed to compare the composition and functional differences of bacterial and fungal communities and to identify their driving environmental factors. Results The richness and diversity of the bacterial community followed the order of SW>ZC≈BY. The dominant phyla were Pseudomonadota and Chloroflexi. In contrast, fungal richness and diversity were lowest in SW, where Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. LEfSe analysis indicated that the bacterial community in ZC was characterized by Actinomycetota and several Desulfobacterota; BY was enriched in Gemmatimonadota; SW was dominated by Bacillota, Campylobacterota, and Spirochaetota. Zi-Pi analysis revealed that keystone fungal taxa in BY were mainly from Ascomycota, while those in SW contained both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Functional prediction suggested that bacterial communities were predominantly chemoheterotrophic, with fermentation as a major pathway. Fungal communities were primarily saprotrophic and notably pathogenic. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that TN, TP, oils, and heavy metals (e.g., As, Cu) significantly influenced microbial community structure. Conclusion By investigating microbial community structure and function, this study elucidates the dynamic response of microbial communities to environmental shifts in degrading mangrove ecosystems, thus providing a crucial microbiological reference for future ecosystem health assessment and restoration efforts.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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