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Objective To establish a mouse model that effectively simulates the key clinical features of porcine Senecavirus A (SVA) infection, providing a crucial experimental tool for elucidating its pathogenesis and evaluating prevention and control products. Methods Five-week-old SPF C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice and type I interferon receptor-deficient (C57BL/6J IFNR-/- ) mice were inoculated via intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular routes. Blood and tissue samples were collected on days 1, 3, and 5 post-infection (dpi) for analysis of gross pathology, histopathology, viral load, and dynamic determination of inflammatory cytokines at the mRNA level. Results Compared with the mock-infected control group, both mouse strains developed gross lesions (e.g., swollen inguinal lymph nodes, yellowish livers, splenomegaly) and histopathological lesions (e.g., cortical disintegration of lymph nodes, hepatocellular necrosis, atrophy of splenic white pulp, and renal tubular necrosis). However, these lesions were more severe in C57BL/6J IFNR-/- mice. Viral RNA was widely distributed in tissues of both groups but was significantly higher in the C57BL/6J IFNR-/- group. Notably, viremia was undetectable in WT mice, whereas in C57BL/6J IFNR-/- mice, the virus was detected in whole blood as early as 1 dpi, peaked at 3 dpi, and then declined rapidly. Inflammatory cytokine analysis revealed significantly higher mRNA levels and protein levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in C57BL/6J IFNR-/- mice than in WT mice. Conclusion The C57BL/6J IFNR-/- mouse model successfully simulates, for the first time, the transient viremia characteristic of porcine SVA infection. It comprehensively replicates key features, including the multi-organ viral distribution, high viral load, and self-limiting recovery, providing a more effective animal model for delving into the pathogenic mechanism of SVA and evaluating vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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