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Objective With the widespread use and promotion of plastic film mulching on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a series of issues caused by its application have also emerged. Given the fragile eco-environment of the plateau, it is necessary to investigate the effects of different types of plastic film mulching on the soil microbial community structures in farmland ecosystems. Methods Three treatments—pre-planting soil (ZQ), soil covered with conventional polyethylene mulch (CMPs), and soil covered with biodegradable mulch (BMPs)—were established. Soil physicochemical properties were measured, and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and ITS region was employed to analyze microbial diversity, community structure, and their associations with environmental factors, on the basis of which the impacts of mulch types on soil microorganisms were evaluated. Results Differences in soil physicochemical factors were observed among different treatments (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in alpha diversity indices for both bacteria and fungi among the treatments, indicating that short-term plastic film mulching did not significantly alter the richness and diversity of microbial communities. The dominant bacterial phyla were Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexota, with most dominant genera being unclassified. The dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, with dominant genera including Mortierella and Solicoccozyma. Network analysis revealed that the main drivers of bacterial and fungal community structures were pH and microplastic (MP) content, respectively. This result reflected functional differences of fungi and bacteria. Fungi, as primary decomposers, were more sensitive to MP pollution, whereas bacterial community structure was more closely related to soil pH. Functional prediction showed that, in bacteria, only the metabolism pathway within the KEGG level 1 showed a positive correlation with the mulching treatment, and no significant differences in COG functions were observed between treatments. In fungi, saprotrophic functions predominated, and their relative abundance changed significantly among treatments. Conclusion Short-term plastic mulching does not significantly affect microbial alpha diversity, but alters the community structure. Compared with conventional PE mulch, biodegradable mulch shows greater potential in enhancing soil nitrogen and organic carbon pools. However, it leads to more severe short-term MP accumulation, accompanied by the risk of pathogenic fungal enrichment. Therefore, its long-term ecological effects require further assessment.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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