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Objective To investigate the growth-promoting properties and mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DGL1 isolated from arid sandy soils of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on oat plants under drought stress, thus providing a high-quality microbial resource and a theoretical basis for developing microbial fertilizers suitable for arid regions. Methods The growth-promoting effects of strain DGL1 on oat root length, plant height, and fresh weight under drought stress were determined. The degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in oat plants under drought stress were measured. The genome and transcriptome of strain DGL1 were sequenced via high-throughput technology. Results Strain DGL1 significantly increased the root length, plant height, and fresh weight of oat plants under drought stress. It markedly elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes [(superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)] while reducing the content of malondialdehyde and H2O2. Genomic analysis revealed that DGL1 carried the genes related to oxidative stress (gpx encoding glutathione peroxidase, opuD encoding glycine-betaine transporter, and ahpF encoding alkyl hydroperoxide reductase), synthesis of the IAA precursor l-tryptophan (trpA, trpB, and trpC), and flagellar biosynthesis (FliP, FliQ, and FliR). Transcriptome sequencing further revealed that genes associated with biofilm formation, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, material and energy metabolism, and auxin precursor synthesis—all crucial for root colonization—presented upregulated expression under drought stress. The strain might enhance plant drought tolerance via these pathways. Conclusion Strain DGL1 can enhance the drought tolerance of oat plants and has great potential for application in developing bio-inoculants for arid land agriculture.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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