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Objective The saline-alkaline habitats in Xinjiang harbor rich and unique microbial resources. This study employed the culture-dependent way to explore the culturable microbial resources and reveal their diversity and potential functions from seven different saline-alkaline habitats, including Barkol Lake and Aiding Lake in Xinjiang. Methods Soil and sediment samples were collected from the seven saline-alkaline habitats. Thirteen modified media were designed and used for strain isolation via the gradient dilution plating method. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and multi-condition culture were employed to analyze the taxonomic positions, suitable media, and salinity adaptability of the strains. Furthermore, potential novel taxa, anaerobic strains, and exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strains were screened. Results A total of 935 bacterial strains were isolated and identified as 310 species belonging to 125 genera, 54 families, 25 orders, 8 classes of 4 phyla, including 20 strains representing 15 potential novel taxa. The dominant culturable taxa were Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, and Actinomycetota. In addition, 52 strains (20 species) of anaerobic bacteria were obtained, with the genus Halomonas being dominant. The microbial resources varied significantly among different media, and R2A was the most effective medium, screening out 108 species. Bacillus was dominant under no salt stress (0 NaCl), and Marinobacter was one of the important genera under moderate salt stress (5% NaCl). However, the genus Halomonas kept being dominant under low-salt (0 NaCl), moderate-salt (5% NaCl), or high-salt (10% NaCl) stress. To obtain the functional strains with extremely strong stress resistance, we screened 15 EPS-producing strains under high-salt and high-alkali conditions. Among them, Marivirga harenae EGI S10258 and Halomonas alkaliantarctica EGI S10283 showed the highest EPS titer, which reached 4.5 g/L. Conclusion The saline-alkaline habitats in Xinjiang were rich with culturable microbial resources. The application of a multi-condition culture approach significantly enhances the depth and breadth of microbial resource exploration. This study provides important microbial resources and data support for subsequent research on systematic taxonomy, ecological adaptation mechanisms, and resource utilization by getting potential novel species and functional strains.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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