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Objective To systematically investigate the diversity of culturable yeasts in extreme environments (glaciers, salt lakes, deserts, etc.) of western China and explore yeast resources with special stress resistance traits. Methods Multiple substrate samples were collected from representative extreme environments. Eight media with different nutrient gradients were employed in combination with direct dilution plating and enrichment culture methods for yeast isolation. Strains were identified by 26S rDNA D1/D2 region sequence analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to assess species diversity and community structure differences across habitats and culture methods. Results A total of 904 yeast strains were isolated, representing 77 species, 29 genera, 17 orders, 10 classes, 5 subphyla, and 2 phyla, including 11 potential new species. Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum (90.5%), and Naganishia, Rhodotorula, and Cystobasidium were the dominant genera. Distinct dominant species were observed among different habitats. Naganishia adeliensis and Naganishia albida were widely distributed across all investigated extreme environments, indicating strong broad-spectrum environmental adaptability. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Cystobasidium slooffiae were dominant species in glaciers and salt lakes. In addition, enrichment culture and oligotrophic media significantly improved the isolation efficiency of rare species. Conclusion Extreme environments in western China harbor remarkably rich yeast resources. While different extreme environments select for unique dominant groups, certain broadly adaptable polyextremophilic species are shared across environments. Extreme environments serve not only as a reservoir of new species but also potentially as an environmental reservoir for opportunistic pathogenic yeasts.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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