The dynamic balance between the preservation and distribution of microbial patent strains, the “gene chips” of biotechnology, has become a crucial benchmark for assessing a country’s competitiveness in the bioeconomy. By comparing the global data on the preservation and distribution of patent strains from 2001 to 2023, this paper systematically analyzes the gaps between China, the United States, and other countries in terms of resource reserves and circulation efficiency. The results revealed that while China was a global leader in preservation volume, its strain distribution rate lagged far behind the international level, which restricted technological innovation and industrial transformation. This study proposes comprehensive strategies such as optimizing the preservation systems, enhancing policy coordination, promoting industry-education-research collaborative innovation, strengthening international cooperation, and applying artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies throughout the entire chain. These strategies are designed to enhance the utilization rate of microbial strains, activate the value of China’s patent microbial resources, and position China at the forefront of the global bioeconomy.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |