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Microorganisms, as the oldest and most diverse life forms on Earth, possess significant development value due to their differentiated metabolic potential and biosynthetic capabilities, serving as core resources for the development of novel drugs and natural active products. Currently, the deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with microbial strain development is driving a paradigm shift in life sciences from “empirical screening” to “rational design”. This shift is driven both by the limitations of conventional research methods in addressing the complexity of microbial resources and by the unique advantages of AI in multi-omics data analysis, model prediction, and experimental process optimization. This article systematically reviews the roles of AI in the development and application of microbial strains, covering four aspects: strain breeding, metabolite development, disease diagnosis and treatment, and xenobiotic synthesis. Additionally, it discusses the core advantages and existing limitations of AI in the strain development process. In summary, through automated modeling and scientific prediction, AI not only accelerates the efficiency of microbial strain development but also provides multi-dimensional optimization strategies, serving as a core driver for technological innovation. The integration of AI is expected to break through traditional industrial bottlenecks and promote the sustainable development of the microbial industry.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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