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[Objective] We investigated the occurrence of ginger bacterial wilt, identified the pathogens, and screened the antagonistic bacteria, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the control of the disease. [Methods] We systematically investigated the occurrence of bacterial wilt in the main ginger production areas in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province. The ginger tubers with typical symptoms of bacterial wilt and the rhizosphere soil were collected. Major pathogens were isolated and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. The pathogenicity of the isolates was determined by inoculation of the isolates to ginger seedlings. Moreover, the sequevars of Ralstonia solanacearum isolates were identified based on the endogenous glucanase gene egl. Finally, the Bacillus strains for biocontrol of the pathogens were screened, and their biocontrol effects were measured. [Results] The average incidence of ginger bacterial wilt in the field was 8.52%. Two bacterial strains FJAT-15492 and FJAT-15494 were isolated from diseased ginger tubers, and three bacterial strains FJAT-15495, FJAT-15496, and FJAT-15497 were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of diseased ginger. The strain FJAT-15492 was identified as Enterobacter mori and the other four isolates were R. solanacearum. Both the isolates of E. mori and R. solanacearum could infect ginger seedlings and cause bacterial wilt. R. solanacearum strains existed in both diseased ginger tubers and rhizosphere soil, while E. mori only existed in diseased ginger tubers, with the count (1.33×103 CFU/g) lower than that (5.67×103 CFU/g) of R. solanacearum.Furthermore, the R. Solanacearum isolates were identified as phylotype Ⅰ and sequevar 14. Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-JK-2 demonstrated inhibitory effect on R. solanacearum, and Bacillus velezensis FJAT-54560 on E. mori, with inhibition zone diameters of 19.41 mm and 16.11 mm and indoor control effects of 69.45% and 61.11%, respectively. Moreover, the fermentation mixture of the two biocontrol strains had the field control effect of 52.57%. [Conclusion] This work identified the pathogens of ginger bacterial wilt and provided two new biocontrol strains against the disease.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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