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[Objective] Rivers and lakes are important and closely linked aquatic ecosystems, in which microorganisms are important organic components and participate in the transformation of various substances and energy flow. Comparing the bacterial and fungal communities and their co-occurrence networks between rivers and lakes is the key to a deeper understanding of the biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems of the Qaidam Basin. [Methods] We analyzed the diversity, structures, driving factors, and co-occurrence networks of bacterial and fungal communities in six rivers and four lakes of the Qaidam Basin by next-generation sequencing and statistical analysis methods. [Results] The abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in rivers were higher than those in lakes (Wilcoxon, P < 0.01). The most dominant bacterial phylum was Proteobacteria in both rivers and lakes (rivers: 6.0%–63.0%; lakes: 8.0%–61.0%), while the most dominant fungal phylum varied between rivers and lakes, being Ascomycota (0.5%–75.0%) in rivers and unclassified_k_Fungi (3.0%–87.0%) in lakes. The structures of bacterial and fungal communities differed between rivers and lakes (bacteria: R=0.599, P=0.001; fungi: R=0.435, P=0.001). Altitude (Alt), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and total nitrogen (TN) were significant factors shaping bacterial community structures, while dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature (Temp) were significant drivers shaping fungal community structures in different aquatic ecosystems. The stability of bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly between habitats. Specifically, bacterial communities were more stable in rivers than in lakes, while fungal communities were more stable in lakes than in rivers. [Conclusion] The bacterial and fungal communities varied between rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin, demonstrating spatial heterogeneity. This study can provide data support for the in-depth study of the differences and connections of the microbial community characteristics between rivers and lakes in the Qaidam Basin. Moreover, it lays a theoretical foundation for the protection and management of water resources in this region.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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