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[Objective] To explore the environmental drivers of prokaryotic microbial communities and carbon-fixing microbial groups in the upper and lower reaches of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River during the dry season. [Methods] Water and surface sediment samples were collected from the upper and lower reaches of Xiaolangdi Reservoir during the dry season (November, 2020), and the physiochemical factors were measured. The composition of prokaryotic microbial communities and their carbon fixation functions were investigated by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes and PICRUSt2 prediction. The composition of carbon-fixing microbial groups was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of cbbL and cbbM. [Results] Proteobacteria (24.74%), Actinobacteria (17.55%), and Firmicutes (11.43%) were the dominant bacterial phyla. Crenarchaeota (63.26%), Thermoplasmatota (18.29%), and Halobacterota (11.31%) were the dominant archaea. Proteobacteria (13.14%), Cyanobacteria (1.70%), and Actinobacteria (0.76%) were the dominant phyla of cbbL-carrying carbon-fixing microorganisms. Proteobacteria (3.52%), Actinobacteria (0.03%), and Gemmatimonadota (0.02%) were the dominant phyla of cbbM-carrying carbon-fixing microorganisms. The main environmental drivers of the bacterial community structure were temperature (T), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total ammonia nitrogen, which, however, had mild influences on archaea and carbon-fixing microbial groups. In bacteria, the relative abundance of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA), the dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle (DC/4HB), the 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle (3HP), and the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) were higher than that of other detected carbon fixation pathways. Notably, the relative abundance of the hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutylate cycle (3HP/4HB) in the upper reaches was significantly higher than that in the lower reaches. In archaea, the relative abundance of carbon fixation pathways such as rTCA, DC/4HB, and incomplete rTCA was higher, and the abundance of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WL) in the lower reaches was markedly higher than that in the upper reaches of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Turbidity was a key factor affecting the abundance of the bacterial 3HP and incomplete rTCA, while temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, COD, and total phosphorus were the main factors affecting the abundance of carbon fixation pathways in archaea. [Conclusion] This study revealed the environmental drivers of prokaryotic microbial communities and carbon-fixing microbial groups in the upper and lower reaches of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir during the dry season. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the microbial carbon fixation process and the environmental driving mechanisms in the Yellow River during the dry season.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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