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Lignin, the most abundant aromatic biopolymer resource in the nature, is difficult to be degraded by common microorganisms due to its complexity and highly aggregated aromatic structure. Lignin-degrading microorganisms from extreme environments are considered as suitable candidates for lignin bioprocessing. This review summarizes several types of extremophiles capable of degrading lignin and the extremozymes produced by them and elucidates the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and metabolic pathways of the extremozymes. Furthermore, this article discusses the prospects for the identification of novel extremophiles and extremozymes by multi-omics and makes an outlook on the development and utilization methods of extremophiles, with a view to providing a reference for the subsequent screening and development of more efficient lignin-degrading strains.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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