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[Objective] Within the framework of global climate governance and considering the pivotal role of the Yellow River basin in China's ecological progress, this study focused on the Inner Mongolia segment of the Yellow River in July 2023. [Methods] We collected the surface sediment, water, and gas samples, with the aim of investigating the dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration in the water, the N2O emission flux (FN2O) at the water-air interface, and the microbial community composition and diversity in surface sediments. [Results] The results revealed that the dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration in the water of this segment varied between 0.547 8 mg/m3 and 0.598 2 mg/m3, with an average of 0.574 1 mg/m3. The FN2O at the water-air interface ranged from −3.645 3 mg/(m2·d) to 4.392 5 mg/(m2·d), averaging 1.086 1 mg/(m2·d), which suggested this area was a net source of atmospheric N2O. FN2O showed a significantly positive correlation with pH and a significantly negative correlation with potential. The surface sediments harbored 7 784 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with Proteobacteria (average abundance of 35.13%) being dominant. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), a category of nitrifying bacteria, presented low abundance, with 116 OTUs among which unclassified_d__Unclassified (average abundance of 31.69%) was the dominant genus. For denitrifying bacteria, 3 660 OTUs were identified, with unclassified_k__norank_d__Bacteria (average abundance of 63.12%) being the dominant genus. In view of the scarcity of N2O data for the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River, the findings of this study enrich the N2O data repository of the Yellow River. [Conclusion] This study not only augments our understanding of the microbial community structure and functionality in sediments but also supports the conservation and purification of the Yellow River.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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