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[Objective] Long-term and excessive application of chemical fertilizers leads to soil degradation and an imbalanced microbial community structure in soil. The combination of organic active substances with chemical fertilizers is considered an important approach for controlling soil degradation and maintaining microbial community stability. [Methods] Metagenomics was employed to study the effects of combining the bioactive substance γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) with chemical fertilizer on soil microbial community and function in cotton fields. Four fertilization groups were designed: chemical fertilizer (NK), chemical fertilizer combined with γ-PGA aqueous solution (YT), chemical fertilizer combined with γ-PGA granules (GT), and no fertilizer (CK). [Results] GT and YT groups outperformed NK and CK groups in terms of cotton growth and soil nutrient content. The combination of γ-PGA with chemical fertilizer significantly increased the microbial abundance and diversity in soil, while chemical fertilizer alone did not improve soil microbial diversity. In addition, the application of γ-PGA changed soil microbial community composition. Compared with the NK group, YT and GT groups showed a 9.70%–12.72% decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and 13.33%–20.90% and 8.09%–13.01% increases in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, respectively. In addition, the relative abundance of Rhizophagus (a genus of mycorrhiza fungi) increased by 19.71% in the YT group. The functional gene analysis showed that GT and YT significantly increased the abundance of functional genes related to amino acid biosynthesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. [Conclusion] The application of γ-PGA has the potential of improving soil microbial diversity and ecosystem stability in Xinjiang cotton fields.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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