Bacterial biofilms are aggregates surrounded by extracellular polymeric substances produced by bacteria, exhibiting significant resistance to antimicrobials and host immune defense mechanisms. As a result, they become a crucial factor in the recalcitrance of bacterial infections. Phages, as a class of viruses capable of specifically infecting and lysing bacteria, have demonstrated immense potential in the prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated infections. This review summarizes the efficacy, in vitro and in vivo research methods, and mechanisms of phages, phage endolysins, and phage-antibiotic combinations in combating biofilm-associated infections. Furthermore, it discusses the prospects and potential obstacles of phages in this field, aiming to give insights into the development of more effective therapeutic agents.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |