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Bacterial cellulose, a natural biopolymer with higher purity and better mechanical properties than plant cellulose, is expected to be widely used as a new green polymer material. A variety of bacteria have now been proven to have the ability to produce cellulose, in which bacterial cellulose synthase plays a crucial role. Therefore, understanding the catalysis mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase is a key to the mass production and broad utilization of bacterial cellulose. This paper reviews the basic properties of bacterial cellulose synthase, including the screening of strains, the enhancement of yield, and the cellular localization of the synthase, aiming to promote the research on the catalysis mechanism of cellulose synthase. Further, based on the mechanism of cellulose synthase, this paper detail the influencing factors ofin vitro synthesis and review the research progress in the roles of each subunit of this synthesis method. We explore the catalysis mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase, point out the problems in the current research, and envision the future research directions in this field, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of bacterial cellulose by deciphering the synthesis mechanism.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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