Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly prevalent allergic skin disease characterised by recurrent attacks and severe itching. The pathogenesis of AD involves a variety of factors including genetic susceptibility, epidermal barrier dysfunction, microbiome dysbiosis, immune imbalance, and the environment, while the available therapeutic drugs have severe side effects and limited efficacy. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota, particularly probiotics, play a role in AD. Probiotics can alleviate AD symptoms by inhibiting pathogens, enhancing barriers, improving the intestinal environment, and balancing the Th1/Th2 immune response, among other mechanisms. In this review, we summarized the skin and intestinal microecological characteristics of AD patients and systematically elucidated the mechanisms of probiotics in alleviating AD from the pathogenesis and influencing factors of AD, aiming to provide theoretical support for probiotics in the treatment of AD and related allergic skin diseases.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |