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(p)ppGpp—"magic point" nucleotide in bacteria
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Yang SONG, Yijie WANG, Rui WANG, Xuping SHENTU*, Xiaoping YU
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2024, 64(2) : 378 - 390
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2024, 64(2): 378-390
• Reviews •
(p)ppGpp—"magic point" nucleotide in bacteria
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Yang SONG, Yijie WANG, Rui WANG, Xuping SHENTU*, Xiaoping YU
Affiliations
  • Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
Published: 2024-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230485
Outline
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Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp)/guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) is a signaling molecule in the bacterial stringent response, whose synthesis and hydrolysis are controlled by the synthesis and hydrolysis activities of proteins in the RelA/SpoT homologue (RSH) family. The (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response enhanced bacterial adaptation to nutrient deprivation and antibiotic resistance. In recent years, (p)ppGpp has been found to associate with bacterial growth, cell division, and antibiotic synthesis, which was an important global regulator in the bacteria. (p)ppGpp has many target sites in the cell, which allow it to regulate DNA replication, transcription, cell cycle, ribosome biosynthesis, and the expression of antibiotic synthesis gene clusters. However, how (p)ppGpp controls transcription and other metabolic processes depends on the bacterial species, and (p)ppGpp regulates the same processes in different bacteria species through different mechanisms. Therefore, this manuscript reviewed the types of (p)ppGpp synthetic and hydrolytic enzymes, the mechanisms of (p)ppGpp regulation on microbial metabolism and the cell cycle, as well as the regulation mechanisms of antibiotic synthesis and tolerance, which lays the foundation for bacterial resistance and cell physiology researches.

(p)ppGpp  /  bacterial cell cycle  /  metabiotic regulation  /  stringent response  /  antibiotic resistance
Yang SONG, Yijie WANG, Rui WANG, Xuping SHENTU, Xiaoping YU. (p)ppGpp—"magic point" nucleotide in bacteria[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2024 , 64 (2) : 378 -390 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230485
Funding
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  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372628)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901930)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20223)
  • Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LGN22C140006)
  • Basic Research Business Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Universities(2022YW17)
  • "Three Rural Nine Parties" Science and Technology Collaboration Program(2023SNJF034)
  • "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2023C02030)
  • "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2022C02047)
Appendix
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Year 2024 volume 64 Issue 2
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128
52
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20230485
  • Receive Date：2023-07-19
  • Online Date：2026-03-18
  • Published：2024-02-04
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2023-07-19
  • Accepted：2023-10-09
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372628)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901930)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20223)
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LGN22C140006)
Basic Research Business Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Universities(2022YW17)
"Three Rural Nine Parties" Science and Technology Collaboration Program(2023SNJF034)
"Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2023C02030)
"Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2022C02047)
Affiliations
    Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China

Corresponding:

*SHENTU Xuping, Tel: +86-571-86876237, E-mail:
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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