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Objective Senecavirus A (SVA) keeps posing a serious threat to the swine industry in China. This study aimed to characterize the biological properties and genetic evolutionary features of the latest circulating SVA strains. Methods In November 2024, vesicular lesion tissue samples were collected from pigs suspected of foot-and-mouth disease at a farm in eastern China. RT-PCR was performed, and positive samples were inoculated onto BHK-21 cells following standard virus isolation procedures. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was employed to preliminarily confirm viral isolation. The complete viral genome was amplified and sequenced, followed by genetic evolution analysis. Amino acid variations in the VP1 protein of the strain were identified by comparison with representative strains from key epidemic nodes. Viral replication characteristics were evaluated through plaque formation assay and one-step growth curve analysis. Viral particle morphology was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results RT-PCR and virus isolation confirmed SVA as the causative agent of the disease, and the isolated strain was designated SDWF/11/2024. The viral genome of this strain was 7 292 bp in length, and its overall organization was highly consistent with that of previously reported SVA strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SDWF/11/2024 belonged to the USA-like evolutionary clade, showing genetic divergence from Chinese strains circulating between 2015 and 2018, while exhibiting the closest relationship to a Chilean strain isolated in 2022. The isolate replicated efficiently in BHK-21 cells and induced typical cytopathic effects. Its replication kinetics was comparable to that of the early Chinese isolate HN/11/2017, although differences in plaque morphology were observed. TEM examination identified spherical viral particles with diameters of 25-35 nm, consistent with typical SVA virions. Conclusion This study successfully isolated and characterized the SVA strain SDWF/11/2024 circulating in China, 2024, and elucidated its molecular evolutionary features. The isolated SDWF/11/2024 provides a new reference strain for SVA surveillance in China and suggests that the virus may still persist at low levels in pig populations. These findings enhance our understanding about the genetic diversity and epidemic dynamics of SVA and support the improvement of molecular epidemiological monitoring and the development of prevention and control strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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