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Objective To investigate the differences and associations in endophytic microbial communities across four ecological niches of pepper varieties with varying pulp thickness and to delve into the microbial community disparities associated with different pepper pulp thickness. Methods We extracted DNA from the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of pepper varieties with varying pulp thickness. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS region of the endophytic microbial communities within these four niches were sequenced on the Illumina platform. Microbial taxa potentially associated with pulp thickness were identified and screened, followed by validation through pot experiments. Results Endophytic bacterial and fungal communities in the four ecological niches of pepper varieties with different pulp thicknesses all exhibited differences. Particularly, the bacterial community structure in the fruit displayed the most significant variations. Bar plots at the genus level and analyses of species disparities revealed that the genus Sphingomonas was significantly enriched in the pepper varieties with thick pulp and showed a positive correlation with pulp thickness. A total of 28 endophytic strains were isolated from pepper fruits. Among them, two strains belonged to the genus Sphingomonas, identified as S. aquatilis and S. yabuuchiae. Each of the two bacterial strains exhibited capabilities of both indole-3-acetic acid production and nitrogen fixation. Pot experiments demonstrated that inoculation with the two endophytic strains significantly promoted the fruit growth of pepper plants, increasing the pulp thickness by 75.44%. Conclusion The relative abundance of Sphingomonas in pepper fruits showed a significantly positive correlation with pulp thickness and Sphingomonas promoted fruit growth. This study is of great significance for revealing the role of endophytic microbial communities in the regulation of pepper fruit development and lays a theoretical foundation for improving pepper fruit quality.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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