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Objective To investigate the effect of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and thus provide theoretical support for anti-herpes simplex virus research. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of molecules in the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway and viral molecules in ARPE-19 cells infected with HSV-1 were determined by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. KEAP1-silenced and overexpressing ARPE-19 cell lines were constructed, and Western blotting was employed to assess the effects of KEAP1 silencing and overexpression on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. The KEAP1-silenced and overexpressing cell lines were subsequently infected with HSV-1. Changes in viral mRNA expression were detected via qPCR, while immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to evaluate alterations in viral protein expression. Additionally, a plaque formation assay was conducted to measure variations in viral titer. Western blotting was performed on KEAP1-silenced cell lines infected with HSV-1 to assess the expression levels of NRF2 signaling pathway and viral proteins at different time points. Results Silencing of KEAP1 activated the NRF2 signaling pathway and promoted HSV-1 replication, whereas KEAP1 overexpression downregulated the NRF2 signaling pathway and inhibited HSV-1 replication. These findings contradict previous studies suggesting that upregulation and activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway can suppress HSV-1 replication. Further investigation revealed that KEAP1 silencing-induced NRF2 upregulation was significantly inhibited following HSV-1 infection. Conclusion KEAP1 plays a crucial role in the host cell resistance to HSV-1 infection, and its interaction with NRF2 exerts complex biological functions in antiviral immune responses.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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