Shikimic acid (SA) is an important natural compound with many biological activities, including antiviral, antithrombotic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer properties. Due to its diverse applications in medicine, cosmetics, food, and agriculture, SA is considered a highly promising biomolecule. As a precursor of aromatic compounds, SA plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways within organisms. Traditional methods for producing SA mainly rely on plant extraction (such as star anise) or chemical synthesis. However, these approaches face challenges such a high costs, low efficiency, and environmental concerns. With the ongoing advancements in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, the production of SA through metabolic engineering has emerged as a focal point of research, offering a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative. This paper reviews the applications and production methods of SA, with a particular emphasis on recent progress and optimization strategies in its biosynthesis.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |