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Effects of freeze-thaw on bacterial and fungal succession during aerobic exposure stage of oat silage
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Haiping LI1, 2, Zhifeng JIA3, Wenhui LIU3, Xiang MA3, Qingping ZHOU2, Hao GUAN2, *
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2025, 65(3) : 1301 - 1318
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2025, 65(3): 1301-1318
• Research Article •
Effects of freeze-thaw on bacterial and fungal succession during aerobic exposure stage of oat silage
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Haiping LI1, 2, Zhifeng JIA3, Wenhui LIU3, Xiang MA3, Qingping ZHOU2, Hao GUAN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
  • 2 Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
  • 3 Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
Published: 2025-03-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240523
Outline
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[Objective] To explore the effects of freeze-thaw on oat silage during the aerobic exposure stage. [Methods] Oat silage was stored at a constant temperature (20 ℃, group 20, control) and freeze-thaw conditions (20 ℃ and -5 ℃ alternating every 12 h, group S) for 60 days and then subjected to aerobic exposure. Samples were collected on day 60 of ensiling and after aerobic exposure for 1, 3, and 5 days, respectively, for the determination of fermentation quality and nutritional quality as well as for 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing. [Results] The pH rose as the aerobic exposure was prolonged. The samples subjected to aerobic exposure at room temperature showed more rapid increases in ammonia nitrogen content and pH and more rapid decreases in lactic acid and acetic acid content than those subjected to aerobic exposure at freeze-thaw temperatures. Propionic acid and butyric acid were produced more rapidly in the S group, especially in the case of aerobic exposure at room temperature. Enterobacteria and yeast increased while lactic acid bacteria decreased as the aerobic exposure was prolonged (P<0.05). Shannon and Simpson indices of bacteria increased during aerobic exposure, and the relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria kept decreasing. The bacterial community structure presented a significant difference on days 3 of aerobic exposure, and microbial succession was accelerated by aerobic exposure at room temperature compared with that at the freeze-thaw temperature, with more species and higher counts of yeast and molds indicative of spoilage in the S group. [Conclusion] Freeze-thaw accelerated aerobic deterioration, especially aerobic exposure at room temperature. This study provides theoretical guidance for high-quality modulation and storage of oat silage in alpine areas.

silage  /  freeze-thaw  /  aerobic stability  /  oat
Haiping LI, Zhifeng JIA, Wenhui LIU, Xiang MA, Qingping ZHOU, Hao GUAN. Effects of freeze-thaw on bacterial and fungal succession during aerobic exposure stage of oat silage[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (3) : 1301 -1318 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240523
Funding
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  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460360)
  • Natural Science Foundation Project of Qinghai Provincial Basic Research Program(2024-ZJ-978)
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 65 Issue 3
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127
53
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240523
  • Receive Date：2024-08-23
  • Online Date：2026-02-10
  • Published：2025-03-04
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2024-08-23
  • Accepted：2024-12-18
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460360)
Natural Science Foundation Project of Qinghai Provincial Basic Research Program(2024-ZJ-978)
Affiliations
    1 School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
    2 Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
    3 Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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