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DNA methylation is an important way of epigenetic regulation in bacteria. Alphaproteobacteria methylate DNA by using the cell cycle-regulated DNA methyltransferase (CcrM). CcrM does not contain a functional unit of restriction endonuclease, thus belonging to an orphan methyltransferase. By methylating adenine in DNA sequences, CcrM influences the interaction between DNA and proteins, regulates the expression of numerous genes, and is crucial for the regulation of processes such as the cell cycle of Alphaproteobacteria. We reviewed the function, structure, and epigenetic regulation of CcrM, clarified the mechanisms of CcrM in DNA recognition, catalysis, and activity regulation, summarized the mechanism by which the global cell-cycle regulator (GcrA) utilizes the methylation signals produced by CcrM to regulate gene expression, and provided an outlook on the potential future research directions of CcrM, providing a reference for further in-depth study of the epigenetic regulation mechanisms in bacteria.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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