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[Objective] Soil salinization is a serious threat to land health, and microbial remediation of saline-alkali soil is an eco-friendly and practical approach. Endophytic fungi can enhance host resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, there is a need for further research on the biological characteristics of endophytic fungi. Such research can expand the existing endophytic fungal database and provide elite strains and effective strategies for the green remediation of saline-alkali soil and soil restoration. [Methods] The characteristics of the fungal strain were analyzed by plate culture under stress, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The colonization of the strain in rice roots was examined by GFP fluorescence labeling, trypan blue staining, SEM, and colonization curve plotting. Pot experiments under stress and non-stress conditions, the peroxidase activity assay, transcriptome analysis, and gene expression analysis were carried out to decipher the mechanism by which the strain enhanced the salt tolerance of rice plants. [Results] An endophytic fungal strain, LW2, capable of enhancing the salt tolerance of host rice plants, was obtained. The phylogenetic tree showed that LW2 clustered with Ophioceras leptosporum CBS 894.70 in the same minimal clade, and thus the strain was identified as O. leptosporum LW2. LW2 successfully colonized rice roots and promoted the growth of potted rice. The rice plants co-cultured with LW2 showed significant increases in the fresh weight, plant height, and stem width. The pot experiments under salt stress showed that LW2 improved the salt tolerance of rice by increasing the plant height and stem width under stress conditions while alleviating stress-induced wilting and yellowing. LW2 mitigated salt-induced damage of rice by increasing the peroxidase activity and promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In addition, LW2 regulated the expression of EIL1 and HKTs in the ethylene signaling pathway which affected ion transport, thereby enhancing rice salt tolerance. [Conclusion] This study identified an endophytic fungal strain, O. leptosporum LW2, capable of enhancing the salt tolerance of host rice. We preliminarily investigate the salt tolerance mechanism of this strain, providing scientific evidence and an elite strain for microbial remediation of saline-alkaline soil and the development of green agriculture.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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