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The wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons is mainly produced in the process of petroleum exploitation and petroleum products processing. It encompasses the water polluted by leakage in oil exploitation, the wastewater produced in machining, and the wastewater produced using auxiliaries in leather printing and dyeing. The wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons has high organic matter content, high toxicity, and poor biodegradability. Biodegradation has become one of the main research hotspots of the treatment of wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbons because of no secondary pollution. Based on the latest literature and our research results, this paper details the composition of wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbon, microbial species for biodegradation, biodegradation mechanism, biochar immobilization and remediation technology, and degradation genes and enzymes. This paper can provide reference for the further study of microbial flora degradation of wastewater containing petroleum hydrocarbon.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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