Coastal wetlands, among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, are situated at the interface between land and ocean, receiving substantial nitrogen inputs. These ecosystems exhibit active nitrogen cycling and play a crucial role in global nitrogen budgets and climate regulation. Archaea constitute a critical component of the microbial communities in coastal wetlands, yet their ecological significance was overlooked. The advancements in novel biological technologies have unveiled the diversity and ecological functions of archaea, highlighting their significant contributions to nitrogen cycling. This review summarizes the distribution and diversity of archaea in coastal wetland ecosystems, with a particular focus on their roles in key nitrogen cycling processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate ammonification. In addition, for the application of archaea in global climate change mitigation, we explore the idea of using archaeal communities to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from coastal wetlands.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |