Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and widely exist in various ecosystems. They play a role in regulating microbial community composition, influencing microbial evolution, participating in element biogeochemical cycles, and even causing plant and animal diseases. Soil is an important reservoir of viruses. Due to the limitations of soil heterogeneity, adsorption of soil colloids, and lack of research and analysis methods, the research on soil viruses lags far behind that on viruses in marine or other aquatic ecosystems. In recent years, the rapid development of molecular biology and the gradual improvement of ecological theory have promoted the research on soil viruses, researchers gradually paid attention to the function of viruses in soil ecosystem. In this paper, we summarized the research status and progress of soil viruses in terms of the types, research methods, and ecological functions. On this basis, the future development trends and key research directions of soil viruses were prospected in this paper. This review can deepen people’s understanding of soil viruses and provide scientific reference for the research on soil viruses.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |