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Root-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne spp.) are widely distributed and highly destructive, causing substantial economic losses in agricultural production. Biocontrol has been considered as an effective measure for managing these pathogens. [Objective] To explore efficient and eco-friendly biocontrol resources for controlling root-knot nematodes. [Methods] Bacillus strains were isolated from soil via the serial dilution method. Strains with strong nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) were screened by in vitro bioassays. The selected strains were identified based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as molecular biological evidence. The biocontrol potential of these strains was further evaluated by egg hatching inhibition assays, phosphorus/potassium solubilization tests, enzymatic activity profiling, and antagonistic spectrum analysis. Additionally, pot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to validate the biocontrol efficacy of strains. [Results] Among 189 bacterial strains isolated from 16 soil samples, strains Sneb2550 and Sneb2556 demonstrated strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita J2, inducing the corrected mortality rates of 95.64% and 95.36%, respectively, after 24 h. Based on morphological features, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene and gyrB sequences, strains Sneb2550 and Sneb2556 were identified as Bacillus proteolyticus and B. amyloliquefaciens, respectively. Functional characterization showed that strain Sneb2550 produced protease and inhibited Fusarium asiaticum, Trichothecium roseum,and Alternaria solani. Strain Sneb2556 produced protease and amylase, solubilized phosphate, and suppressed F. asiaticum, Aternaria alternata, Botryosphaeria dothidea, T. roseum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and A. solani. Moreover, both strains did not adversely affect cucumber seed germination and significantly promoted the radicle growth. Under pot conditions, Bacillus Sneb2550 and Sneb2556 significantly reduced root galls formation, with the reduction rates of 56.02% and 50.19%, respectively, while promoting plant growth. Field experiments showed that root irrigation with Bacillus Sneb2550 and Sneb2556 effectively controlled cucumber root-knot nematodes, with the control effects of 60.90% and 52.63%, respectively, while promoting plant growth. [Conclusion] Bacillus Sneb2550 and Sneb2556 effectively controlled cucumber root-knot nematodes and promoted plant growth, providing new potential resources for the biocontrol of root-knot nematodes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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