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Nitrogen fertilizer is an important chemical fertilizer for agricultural planting and an important fertility factor for increasing crop yields. Lack or excess of nitrogen fertilizer in soil will lead to soil acidification, soil consolidation, low crop yields and so on. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can reduce nitrogen in the air to ammonia that is beneficial to crops through the action of nitrogenase. This process helps improve soil quality and subsequently promote crop growth. [Objective] To obtain nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the black soil of northeast China and explore the effects of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on soil quality and maize growth, thus providing excellent strain sources for the development of microbial agents suitable for the environment of black soil in northeast China. [Methods] We employed microbial isolation, culture, and functional characterization to measure the nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) secretion of the screened nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Pot experiments and soil physical and chemical tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on soil quality and maize growth. [Results] Three strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria were obtained from the black soil of northeast China. Among them, Paenibacillus sp. AHC-20 had higher nitrogen-fixing ability, while Raoultella sp. Z93 and Paraburkholderia sp. W22 were multifunctional strains capable of fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, and producing IAA at the same time. The three nitrogen-fixing strains were then applied to the black soil planted with maize. The plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content of maize significantly increased in the chemical fertilizer reduction+AHC-20 group compared with those in the control group with application of only chemical fertilizer. In addition, the content of inorganic carbon, organic carbon, organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in black soil also increased significantly, which indicated that the efficient nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain AHC-20 promoted maize growth upon chemical fertilizer reduction and improved the fertility of black soil. [Conclusion] Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in black soil can effectively promote the growth of maize and improve the quality of black soil to achieve fertilizer reduction without compromising crop yields, showing the potential for the development of nitrogen-fixing microbial agents.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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