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Research progress in pathological properties and antifungal resistance mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Yanyu SU1, 2, 3, Tianshu SUN4, Yingxing LI5, Yi LI1, 2, Qiaolian YI1, 2, Yingchun XU1, 2
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2025, 65(5) : 1918 - 1938
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2025, 65(5): 1918-1938
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Research progress in pathological properties and antifungal resistance mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Yanyu SU1, 2, 3, Tianshu SUN4, Yingxing LI5, Yi LI1, 2, Qiaolian YI1, 2, Yingchun XU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  • 3.Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  • 4.Clinical Biobank, National Facility for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  • 5.Biomedical Engineering Facility of National Facility for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Published: 2025-05-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240768
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Cryptococcus neoformans is a common opportunistic pathogen, exhibiting pronounced neurotropism that often results in cryptococcal meningitis. Its invasive ability is closely associated with multiple factors, including capsular polysaccharides, melanin, hydrolases, and adaptability to the host environment. Conventional diagnostic methods such as fungal culture and India ink staining, though still in use, have notable limitations, whereas emerging techniques like molecular diagnostics, imaging technologies, and biochips have significantly enhanced the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity. In clinical treatment, amphotericin B and fluconazole are widely used as first-line antifungals, while the resistance to azoles is a growing problem and results in an elevated rate of clinical treatment failure. This is mainly attributed to target alterations, upregulation of efflux pump expression and genomic ploidy changes. Recent studies on virulence factors and resistance mechanisms have driven the development of novel antifungal therapies, including drug repurposing, novel drug development, and innovative drug delivery strategies. This article reviews the latest research in the virulence factors, diagnostic techniques, antifungal resistance mechanisms, and therapeutic development of C. neoformans, providing insights into the clinical management of cryptococcosis.

Cryptococcus neoformans  /  virulence factors  /  diagnostic methods  /  resistance mechanisms
Yanyu SU, Tianshu SUN, Yingxing LI, Yi LI, Qiaolian YI, Yingchun XU. Research progress in pathological properties and antifungal resistance mechanisms of Cryptococcus neoformans[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (5) : 1918 -1938 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240768
Funding
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  • National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-052)
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Year 2025 volume 65 Issue 5
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20240768
  • Receive Date：2024-12-02
  • Online Date：2026-02-05
  • Published：2025-05-04
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2024-12-02
  • Accepted：2025-01-24
Funding
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-052)
Affiliations
    1.Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
    3.Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
    4.Clinical Biobank, National Facility for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
    5.Biomedical Engineering Facility of National Facility for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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