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[Objective] To analyze the metabolic substrates required for the sclerotial formation of Rhizoctonia solani and understand the influence of nutritional elements and environmental factors on this process. [Methods] Biolog phenotypic microarray was used to study the effects of 663 nutritional substances, 96 osmotic environments, and 96 pH environments on the sclerotial formation of R. solani. [Results] Among the tested nutritional substances and environmental conditions, 19/95 carbon sources, 21/95 nitrogen sources, 16/94 phosphorus and sulfur sources, 69/94 nutritional supplements, 61/282 peptide nitrogen sources, 28/96 osmotic environments, and 40/96 pH environments induced the sclerotial formation of R. solani. Notably, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, uridine 3′-monophosphate, phosphoryl choline, and five dipeptides (Arg-Trp, Met-Arg, Pro-Phe, Val-Tyr, and Val-Met), as well as three environmental conditions of 10 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L ammonium sulfate at pH 8.0, and pH 4.5+l-proline, significantly induced the sclerotial formation of R. solani. R. solani formed sclerotia in the environments with a broad range of pH 4.0-10.0. The KEGG analysis indicated that the substances inducing sclerotial formation were primarily involved in metabolic pathways, ABC transporters, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and d-amino acid metabolism. [Conclusion] Nutrient limitation and environmental stress are key factors inducing the sclerotial formation of R. solani. Under nutrient-restricted conditions, the suitable substances for inducing sclerotial formation include five carbon sources (d-sorbitol, d-xylose, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, d-arabinose, and d-melezitose), three nitrogen sources (N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, adenosine, and thymidine), two phosphorus sources (uridine 3′-monophosphate and phosphoryl choline), one nutritional supplement (Tween-80), and five peptide nitrogen sources (Arg-Trp, Met-Arg, Pro-Phe, Val-Tyr, and Val-Met). The suitable osmotic environments were 10 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L ammonium sulfate at pH 8.0, and the suitable pH environments were pH 4.0-4.5 and pH 9.5-10.0. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the sclerotial formation mechanism of R. solani.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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