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[Objective] To investigate the biostimulatory effects of Bacillus velezensis XZT106 on the tuber crop sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying its yield increase. [Methods] Sweet potato plants were treated by foliar spraying with B. velezensis fermentation broth, with the plants treated with inactivated B. velezensis fermentation broth as the control. We analyzed the chloroplast content, chloroplast ultrastructure, and antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the structure and metabolite composition of endophyte communities in different ecological niches of sweet potato plants to delve into the mechanisms by which B. velezensis fermentation broth increases the sweet potato yield. [Results] Foliar application of B. velezensis increased the sweet potato yield, enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity in the roots, induced changes of chloroplast ultrastructure, and led to a more compact matrix structure with enlarged intracellular starch granules. In addition, foliar application of B. velezensis caused significant changes of endophyte community structures in various parts of sweet potato plants, significantly reducing the relative abundance of Fusarium and increasing the relative abundance of Pantoea. Moreover, the foliar application significantly altered the metabolome profiles of leaves and soil. Riboflavin metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, and isoflavone biosynthesis, which regulate growth and enhance stress resistance, were significantly upregulated in leaves. The axon regeneration pathway promoting lateral root development and the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway promoting cell proliferation were significantly upregulated in soil. [Conclusion] B. velezensis fermentation broth exerts a plant growth-promoting effect by enhancing antioxidant capacity, improving leaf cell ultrastructure, reshaping the endophyte community structure, and activating key growth-promoting and stress response metabolic pathways in sweet potato plants. These findings provide a new theoretical foundation for the application of B. velezensis-based microbial inoculants in enhancing the sweet potato yield.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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