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The signaling molecule autoinducer-2 regulates the chemotaxis and biofilm formation of Halomonas elongata via Tar1
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Zhuo WANG1, Jiatan WEI2, Yanyan YANG2, Xin GUO2, Chuanxu WANG1, Jing YANG1, Yajie NIU1, Xin LI1, 3
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(2) : 770 - 782
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(2): 770-782
• Research Article •
The signaling molecule autoinducer-2 regulates the chemotaxis and biofilm formation of Halomonas elongata via Tar1
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Zhuo WANG1, Jiatan WEI2, Yanyan YANG2, Xin GUO2, Chuanxu WANG1, Jing YANG1, Yajie NIU1, Xin LI1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Yuncheng Salt Lake Ecological Protection and Resource Utilization, Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
  • 2.College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
  • 3.Department of Biology, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China
Published: 2026-02-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250647
Outline
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As a widely conserved interspecies quorum sensing signaling molecule, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is involved in regulating various crucial physiological processes such as bioluminescence, chemotaxis, and biofilm formation. However, the effects of AI-2 on Halomonas elongata and its underlying mechanisms remain unreported. [Objective] To reveal the receptor that regulates the chemotaxis and biofilm formation of H. elongata in response to AI-2. [Methods] The quantitative capillary assay was employed to examine the chemotactic response of H. elongata to AI-2. We conducted protein domain identification, sequence alignment, and molecular docking of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins to identify the key amino acid sites in Tar1, the potential AI-2 receptor. The ligand-binding domain (LBD) of Tar1 and single-point mutants were expressed and purified, and the binding between Tar1-LBD and AI-2 was measured by the Vibrio harveyi MM32 bioluminescence assay. tar1 was deleted by homologous recombination, and the effects of AI-2 on the chemotaxis and biofilm formation of H. elongata were evaluated by quantitative capillary and biofilm formation assays. [Results] The quantitative capillary assay revealed that H. elongata exhibited chemotaxis to AI-2. Four methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins were identified in H. elongata. Protein domain identification, sequence alignment, molecular docking, and V. harveyi MM32 bioluminescence assay demonstrated that Tar1-LBD bound to AI-2. The tar1-deleted mutant of H. elongata was successfully constructed by homologous recombination. The deletion of tar1 impaired the chemotaxis of H. elongata to AI-2, whereas the complementation of this gene restored the chemotaxis to level comparable to that in the wild-type. Furthermore, biofilm formation assay revealed that AI-2 enhanced the biofilm formation in H. elongatavia Tar1. [Conclusion] H. elongata exhibits chemotaxis to AI-2, and this signal molecule binds to the LBD of Tar1, thereby modulating chemotaxis and biofilm formation.

Halomonas elongata  /  autoinducer-2 (AI-2)  /  receptor  /  chemotaxis  /  biofilm formation
Zhuo WANG, Jiatan WEI, Yanyan YANG, Xin GUO, Chuanxu WANG, Jing YANG, Yajie NIU, Xin LI. The signaling molecule autoinducer-2 regulates the chemotaxis and biofilm formation of Halomonas elongata via Tar1[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (2) : 770 -782 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250647
Funding
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  • the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300111)
  • the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021212258)
  • the Support Project for Research Innovation Capability of Young Faculty in Shanxi Higher Education Institutions(2025Q035)
  • the Yuncheng Science and Technology Program(YCKJ-2024022)
  • the Doctoral Scientific Startup Fund(QZX-2023006)
  • the Doctoral Scientific Startup Fund of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023005)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 66 Issue 2
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250647
  • Receive Date：2025-08-21
  • Online Date：2026-02-05
  • Published：2026-02-04
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-08-21
  • Accepted：2025-09-20
Funding
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300111)
the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021212258)
the Support Project for Research Innovation Capability of Young Faculty in Shanxi Higher Education Institutions(2025Q035)
the Yuncheng Science and Technology Program(YCKJ-2024022)
the Doctoral Scientific Startup Fund(QZX-2023006)
the Doctoral Scientific Startup Fund of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023005)
Affiliations
    1.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Yuncheng Salt Lake Ecological Protection and Resource Utilization, Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
    2.College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
    3.Department of Biology, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China

Corresponding:

E-mail: WANG Zhuo,
LI Xin,
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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