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[Objective] To investigate the metabolite differences among different varieties and grades of flue-cured tobacco, as well as the impacts of nicotine-degrading bacteria on the quality of different grades of tobacco leaves. [Methods] This study employed untargeted metabolomics to identify and analyze metabolites in fermented tobacco leaves of ‘Yunyan 87’ and ‘Yunyan 97’, specifically B2F and C2F grades, while also examining the influences of nicotine-degrading bacteria on the quality of different grades of flue-cured tobacco leaves. [Results] There were significant metabolite differences between tobacco leaves of different varieties and grades. A total of 131 differential metabolites were identified between the samples of ‘Yunyan 87’ and ‘Yunyan 97’, while 138 differential metabolites were identified between B2F and C2F grades. These differential metabolites mainly included amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and their derivatives. Analysis of KEGG metabolic pathways and enrichment levels for differential metabolites across different varieties and grades all indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were the most prominent. Furthermore, this study successfully isolated two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas sp. TR9 and Pseudomonas sp. TR14, from tobacco-cultivated soil, both capable of utilizing nicotine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. Inoculation of the strain combination into different grades of tobacco leaves significantly reduced the content of nicotine, protein, and starch in lower-grade tobacco leaves. [Conclusion] This study reveals the mechanism by which varieties and grades affect the quality of tobacco leaves through the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, and verifies the improvement effects of nicotine-degrading bacteria on low-grade tobacco leaves, providing theoretical support for the improvement of flue-cured tobacco quality and the optimization of fermentation processes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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